第三十二章

    陈牧：寡人闻，以欲从人者昌，以人乐己者亡，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，崇饰宫宇，赏池台，帝王之所欲，百姓之所不欲。帝王所欲者放逸，百姓所不欲者劳弊。夫子云，有一言可以终身行之者，其恕乎！已所不欲，勿施于人。劳弊之事，诚不可施于百姓。为帝王者，富有四海，每事由己，诚能自节，则天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：i heard，if you can serve the interests of the majority，then the country will prosper，if you only satisfy your own interests，then the country will go to extinction，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，the palace and the landscape were the desires of the king，but it is not in the interests of the people，kings like extravagance and waste，the people do not like overwork，this creates a contradiction，the credo of life is mutual understanding，if you don"t want to do something，then you shouldn"t ask others to do that，you should not excessively force people to labor，as a king， you own the whole world，you should understand and be considerate of the people，if you can control your behavior，then the whole world will be lucky because of you。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：今国人多谤寡人之策，吾欲罚之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，防民之口，甚于防水；水壅而溃，伤人必多。民亦如之，是故为水者，决之使导；为民者，宣之使言。故民之有口，犹土之有山川也，财用于是乎出；犹其有原隰衍沃也，衣食于是乎生。口之宣言也，善败于是乎兴。夫民虑之心，而宣之口，成而行之。若壅其口，其与能几何？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chen mu：nowadays， people slander my policies，so i want to punish them，sir， what do you think？xiao fan：i do not approve of you doing this，it is not wise that you do not allow people to talk about it，it"s like blocking a flood，once the levee breaks， it will cause huge losses，therefore， floodwaters should be channeled rather than blocked，similarly， you should allow people to talk instead of being silenced，speaking is a necessary event in life，in the process， there is trading and production，the success or failure of things is directly related to speaking，people speak out about their worries，if they are right， then you go and solve the problem，if you are going to forbid them to speak，it is not a wise thing to do。chen mu：sir is right，i was wrong。陈牧：寡人愿闻，始皇末年，何以渐失天下？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，西周以后，王道陵夷，至于战国，韩任申子，秦用商秧，皆用酷法，虽是富国，却也穷民，秦始皇时，秉累世之资，遂兼吞战国，至于末年，毁先王之法，灭礼义之典，专任刑罚，罗网天下，躬操文墨，昼以断狱，夜以理书，自程决事，日悬一石，奸邪并生，赭衣塞路，囹圄成市，天下愁怨，溃而叛之，虽是炀帝无以过之，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：i want to know，in the last years of qin shi huang，he gradually lost the world，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，since the zhou dynasty，the doctrine of the holy king gradually declined，by the warring states period，both korea and the qin state used harsh laws，the country became strong， but the people became poor，qin shi huang unified the six kingdoms with the accumulation of ancestors，by the late stages，he abandoned the doctrine of the holy king and confucianism，he attached importance to the rule of law，but his laws were too harsh for people to bear，so， people all over the world are plaining about his policies，in the end， the people betrayed him，emperor sui was no match for him，i hope you learn from this。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：寡人愿闻，汉高祖何以得天下？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，汉高祖初入关中，约法三章，杀人者死，伤人及盗，因情抵罪，捐削烦苛，兆民大悦，继之以后，四夷未附，兵革未息，三章之法，不足御奸，于是相国萧何，捃摭秦法，取其宜于时者，作律九章，曹参为相，镇以无为，从民之欲而不扰乱，是以刑罚用稀，而天下大安。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：i want to know，how the han emperor won the world，sir taught me。xiao fan：i think，when the han emperor first entered guanzhong，he developed three statutes，intentional homicide is punishable by death，injuries and theft are criminalized depending on the circumstances，he also repealed harsh laws，so the people were very supportive of him，but later， this law was no longer adapted to the times，therefore， xiao he revised the laws of the qin dynasty according to the actual situation，after cao shen became prime minister，he continued to push for the new law，but he does not interfere with the lives of the people，therefore， criminal cases are rare，the world has settled down as a result。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：刘裕西征长安何其雄也，后使诸将辅幼子镇关中，然不出三月而败归，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，顾命大臣，所以辅导嗣子，为之羽翼也。为之羽翼而教使剪之，能无毙乎！知其不忠。则勿任而已矣。任以大柄，又从而猜之，鲜有不召乱者也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chen mu：previously， liu yu went on an expedition to chang"an，that"s a majestic thing，later， he asked the generals to assist his son in guarding chang"an，within three months， chang"an was occupied，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，you set up an advisory minister in order to assist the prince，the advisory minister is the wings of the prince，however， liu yu instructed the crown prince to beware of the adviser minister，it was expected that chang"an was occupied，if the advisory minister is not disloyal，then liu yu should not appoint him，liu yu appointed him but did not trust him，it is certain that chang"an fell into chaos。chen mu：sir is right，i accept your teachings。陈牧：近来，大臣奏闻，武陵公大修器仗，将谋非常，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，武陵公之志，尽于驰骋数猪而己耳，非有雄才韬略，深愿大王，待之以静，安异同之论，勿复以为言，则谣言自止。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：recently， it was said that duke wuling was hoarding weapons，there is a risk that he will betray，i am very concerned about that，sir taught me what to do？xiao fan：i don"t think duke wuling has great ambitions，his hobby is hunting，he did not have great talent and intelligence，i hope you deal with this calmly，you don"t pay too much attention to these different statements，after a while， the rumors will disappear。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：近来大风，发屋拔木，百姓惊扰，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，天降灾异，盖政有不善也，大王当爱民敬天，缓刑崇德以应之，乃可弭也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：recently， there has been strong winds，it destroyed houses and trees，i am very concerned about that，sir taught me what to do？xiao fan：i think，this extreme weather is a warning from heaven，probably， it was your policy that went wrong，you should love your people and fear heaven，you should mitigate the punishment and show your kindness，only in this way can your mistakes be corrected。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。