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卷三十三 骚下

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    ○九歌二首

    ※屈平<span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    【少司命】

    秋兰兮蘪芜,罗生兮堂下。<span class="q">〔言己供神之室,闲而清静,众香之草,又环其堂下,罗列而生,诚司命君所宜幸集也。〕</span>绿叶兮素华,芳菲菲兮袭予。<span class="q">〔袭,及也。予,我也。言芳草茂盛,吐叶垂华,芳香菲菲,上及我也。〕</span>夫人自有兮美子,<span class="q">〔夫人,谓万民也。〕</span>荪何以兮愁苦?<span class="q">〔荪,谓司命也。言天下万民,人人自有子孙,司命何为主握其年命,而用思愁苦。〕</span>秋兰兮青青,绿叶兮紫茎。<span class="q">〔言己事神崇敬,重种芳草,茎叶五色,香益畅也。〕</span>满堂兮美人,忽独与余兮目成。<span class="q">〔言万民众多,美人并会,盛满於堂,而司命独与我睨而相视,成为亲亲也。〕</span>入不言兮出不辞,<span class="q">〔言神往来奄忽,入不语言,出不诀辞,其志难知也。〕</span>乘回风兮载云旗。<span class="q">〔言司命之去,乘风载云,其形貌不可得见。〕</span>悲莫悲兮生别离,<span class="q">〔屈原思神略毕,忧愁复出,乃长叹曰:人居世悲哀,莫痛与妻子生别离,伤己当之也。〕</span>乐莫乐兮新相知。<span class="q">〔言天下之乐,莫大於男女始相知之时也。屈原言己无新相知之乐,而有生离之忧。〕</span>荷衣兮蕙带,倏而来兮忽而逝。<span class="q">〔言司命被服香净,往来奄忽,难当值也。〕</span>夕宿兮帝郊,<span class="q">〔帝谓天帝。〕</span>君谁须兮云之际?<span class="q">〔言司命之去,暮宿於天帝之郊,谁待於云之际乎,幸其有意而顾己。〕</span>与汝游兮九河,冲飚起兮水扬波。与汝沐兮咸池,<span class="q">〔咸池,星名也。盖天池。〕</span>晞汝发兮阳之阿。<span class="q">〔晞,乾也。《诗》云:匪阳不晞。阿,曲阿,日所行也。言己愿讬司命,俱沐咸池,乾发阳阿,斋戒絜己,冀蒙天祐也。〕</span>望美人兮未来,<span class="q">〔美人,谓司命也。〕</span>临风恍兮浩歌。<span class="q">〔恍,失意貌也。言己思望司命而未肯来,临疾风而大歌。冀神闻之而来至也。〕</span>孔盖兮翠旌,<span class="q">〔言司命以孔雀之翅为车盖,翡翠之羽为旌旗。言殊饰也。〕</span>登九天兮抚彗星。<span class="q">〔九天,八方中央也。言司命乃昇九天之上,抚持彗星,欲扫除邪恶,辅仁贤也。〕</span>竦长剑兮拥幼艾,<span class="q">〔竦,执也。幼,少也。艾,长也。言司命持长剑以诛绝恶,拥护万人,长少使各得其命。〕</span>荃独宜兮为民正。<span class="q">〔言司命执心公方,无所阿私,善者佑之,恶者诛之。故宜为万民之正。〕</span>

    【山鬼】

    若有人兮山之阿,<span class="q">〔有人,谓山鬼也。阿,曲隅也。〕</span>被薜荔兮带女萝。<span class="q">〔女萝,菟丝也,言山鬼彷彿若人,见山之阿,被薜荔之衣,以菟丝为带也。薜荔、菟丝,皆无根,缘物而生。山鬼亦奄忽无形,故衣之以为饰也。〕</span>既含睇兮又宜笑,<span class="q">〔睇,微盻也。言山鬼之状,体含妙容,美目盻然,又好口齿而宜笑。〕</span>子慕予兮善窈窕。<span class="q">〔子,谓山鬼也。窈窕,好貌也。《诗》云:窈窕淑女。言山鬼之貌,既以姱丽,亦复慕我有善行好姿,是故来见其容也。〕</span>乘赤豹兮从文狸,辛夷车兮结桂旗。<span class="q">〔辛夷,香草也。言山鬼出入,乘赤豹,从神狸,结桂与辛夷,以为车旗。言有香絜也。〕</span>被石兰兮带杜衡,<span class="q">〔石兰、杜衡,皆香草也。〕</span>折芳馨兮遗所思。<span class="q">〔所思,谓清絜之士,若屈原者也。言山鬼脩饰众香,以崇其神。屈原履行清絜,以厉其身,神人同好,故折香馨相遗,以同其志也。〕</span>余处幽篁兮终不见天,<span class="q">〔言山鬼所处,乃在幽昧之内,终不见天地,所以来出,归有德也。或曰:幽篁,竹林。〕</span>路险难兮独后来。<span class="q">〔言所处既深,其路阻险又难,故来晚暮,后诸神。〕</span>表独立兮山之上,<span class="q">〔表,特也。言山鬼后到,特立於山之上,而自异也。〕</span>云容容兮而在下。杳冥冥兮羌昼晦,<span class="q">〔言山鬼所在至高,云出其下,虽白昼,犹冥晦。〕</span>东风飘兮神灵雨。<span class="q">〔飘,风貌也。《诗》云:匪风飘兮。言东风飘然而起,则灵应之而雨。以言阴阳相感,风雨相和。屈原自伤独无和也。〕</span>留灵脩兮憺忘归,<span class="q">〔灵脩,谓怀王也。〕</span>岁既晏兮孰华予?<span class="q">〔晏,晚也。孰,谁也。言己宿留怀王,冀其还己,心中憺然,安而忘归。年岁晚暮,将欲疲老,谁当复使我荣华也。〕</span>采三秀兮於山间,<span class="q">〔三秀,谓芝草也。〕</span>石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓。<span class="q">〔言己欲服芝草以延年命,周旋山间,采而求之,终不能得。但见山石磊磊,葛草蔓蔓。或曰:三秀,秀才之士隐处者也。言石葛者,喻所在深也。〕</span>怨公子兮怅忘归,<span class="q">〔公子,谓公子椒也。言所以怨公子椒者,以其知己忠信,而不肯达。故我怅然失志,而忘归也。〕</span>君思我兮不得閒。<span class="q">〔言怀王时思念我,顾不肯以閒暇之日,召己谋议。〕</span>山中人兮芳杜若,<span class="q">〔山中人,屈原自谓也。〕</span>饮石泉兮荫松柏。<span class="q">〔言己虽在山中无人之处,犹取杜若以为芬芳。饮石泉之水,荫松柏之木,饮食居处,动以香絜自脩饰。〕</span>君思我兮然疑作。<span class="q">〔言怀王有思我时,然谗言妄作,故令狐疑者也。〕</span>雷填填兮雨冥冥,猿啾啾兮狖夜鸣。风飒飒兮木萧萧,<span class="q">〔言己在深山之中,遭雷电暴雨,猿号狖呴,风木摇动,以言恐惧失其所也。或曰:雷为诸侯,以兴於君。云雨冥昧,以兴佞臣。猿狖善鸣,以兴谗言。风以喻政,木以喻人。雷填填者,君妄怒也;雨冥冥者,群佞聚也;猿啾啾者,谗夫弄口也;风飒飒者,政烦扰也;木萧萧者,民惊骇也。〕</span>思公子兮徒离忧。<span class="q">〔言己怨子椒不见达,故遂忧愁。〕</span>

    ○九章一首<span class="q">〔《序》曰:九章者,屈原之所作也。屈原放江南之野,故复作九章。章,著也,明也。言己所陈忠信之道,甚明著也。〕</span>

    ※屈平<span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    【涉江】

    余幼好此奇服兮,<span class="q">〔奇,异也。或曰:奇服,好服也。〕</span>年既老而不衰。<span class="q">〔襄,懈也。己少好奇伟之服,履忠直之行,至老不懈。〕</span>带长铗之陆离兮,<span class="q">〔长铗,剑名也。其所握长剑,楚人名曰长铗也。〕</span>冠切云之崔巍。<span class="q">〔崔巍,高貌也。言己内修忠信之志,外带长利之剑,戴崔巍之冠,其高切青云也。〕</span>被明月兮佩宝璐。<span class="q">〔在背曰被。宝璐,美玉也。言己背被明月之珠,腰佩美玉,德宝兼备,行度清白。〕</span>世溷浊而莫余知兮,<span class="q">〔混,乱也。浊,贪也。〕</span>吾方高驰而不顾。<span class="q">〔言时世贪乱,遭君蔽闇,无有知我之贤。然犹高行抗志,终不回曲也。〕</span>驾青虬兮骖白螭,<span class="q">〔言虬螭神兽,宜於驾乘,以喻贤人清白,宜可信任也。〕</span>吾与重华游兮瑶之圃。<span class="q">〔重华,舜名也。瑶,石次玉也。圃,园也。言己想侍虞舜,游玉圃,犹言遇圣帝,升清朝也。〕</span>登昆仑兮食玉英,<span class="q">〔犹言坐明堂,受爵位。〕</span>与天地兮比寿,与日月兮齐光。<span class="q">〔言己年与天地相敌,名与日月同曜也。〕</span>哀南夷之莫吾知兮,<span class="q">〔屈原怨毒楚俗嫉害忠贞,乃曰:可哀哉,南夷之人,无知我贤者也。〕</span>旦余济兮江湘。<span class="q">〔旦,明也。济,度也。言己遭放弃,以明旦时始去,遂渡江湘之水。言明旦之者,纪时明,刺君不明也。〕</span>乘鄂渚而反顾兮,<span class="q">〔乘,登也。鄂渚,地名也。〕</span>欸秋冬之绪风。<span class="q">〔欸,叹也。绪,馀也。言己登鄂渚高岸,还望楚国,向秋冬北风,愁而长叹之,中忧思也。〕</span>步余马兮山皋,邸余车兮方林。<span class="q">〔邸,舍也。方林,地名。言我马壮强,行山皋,无所驱驰。我车坚牢,舍於方林,无所载任也。以言己才德方壮,诚可任用,弃在山野,亦无所施也。〕</span>乘舲船余上沅兮,<span class="q">〔舲船,船有窗牖者也。〕</span>齐吴榜以击汰。<span class="q">〔吴榜,船棹也。汰,水波。言己始去,乘窗船西上沅湘之水,士卒齐举大棹而击水波。自伤去朝堂之上,而入湖泽之中也。或曰:齐,悲歌,言愁思也。〕</span>船容与而不进兮,淹回水而疑滞。<span class="q">〔疑,惑也。滞,留也。言士众虽同力引棹,船犹不进随水流,使己疑惑,有意还之者也。〕</span>朝发枉渚兮,<span class="q">〔枉渚,地名。〕</span>夕宿辰阳。<span class="q">〔辰阳,亦地名。言己乃从枉渚宿辰阳,自伤去日远也。或曰:枉,曲也。渚,沚也。辰,时也。阳,明也。言己将去枉曲之俗,而处时明之乡。〕</span>苟余心其端直兮,<span class="q">〔苟,诚也。〕</span>虽僻远之何伤。<span class="q">〔僻,左也。言我惟行正直之心,虽在远僻之域,犹有善称。无害疾也。故《论语》曰:子欲居九夷也。〕</span>入溆浦余儃佪兮,<span class="q">〔溆,水名也。〕</span>迷不知吾之所如。<span class="q">〔迷,惑也。如,之也。言己思念楚国,虽循水涯,意犹迷惑,不知所之。〕</span>深林杳以冥冥兮,<span class="q">〔草木茂盛。〕</span>乃猿狖之所居。<span class="q">〔非贤士之道径。〕</span>山峻高以蔽日兮,<span class="q">〔言崄岨危倾也。〕</span>下幽晦以多雨。<span class="q">〔言暑湿泥泞也。〕</span>霰雪纷其无垠兮,<span class="q">〔涉冰冻之盛寒。〕</span>云霏霏而承宇。<span class="q">〔室屋沈没,与天连也。或曰:日以喻君,山以喻臣,霰雪以喻残贼,云以象佞人。山峻高以蔽日者,谓臣掩君明也。下幽晦以多雨者,群下专擅,施恩惠也。霰雪纷其无垠者,残贼之政,害仁贤也。云霏霏而承宇者,佞人并进满朝廷也。〕</span>哀吾生之无乐兮,<span class="q">〔遭遇谗佞,失官禄也。〕</span>幽独处乎山中。<span class="q">〔远离亲戚,而斥逐也。〕</span>吾不能变心而从俗兮,<span class="q">〔终不易志随枉曲也。〕</span>固将愁苦而终穷。<span class="q">〔愁思无聊,身困极也。〕</span>接舆髡首兮,桑扈裸行。<span class="q">〔接舆,楚狂接舆也。髡,剔也。首,头也。自刑体,避世不仕也。桑扈,隐士也。去衣臝袒,效夷也。言屈原不容於世,引比隐者以自慰。〕</span>忠不必用兮,贤不必以。<span class="q">〔以,亦用也。〕</span>伍子逢殃兮,<span class="q">〔伍子,伍子胥也,为吴王夫差臣,谏令伐越,夫差不听,遂赐剑而自杀。后越竟灭吴,故逢殃也。〕</span>比干菹醢。<span class="q">〔比干,纣之诸父也。纣氵惑妲己,作糟丘酒池长夜之饮,斮朝涉,剖孕妇。比干正谏,纣怒。妲己曰:圣人之心有七孔。於是乃杀比干,剖其心而观之。故言菹醢也。〕</span>与前世而皆然兮,<span class="q">〔谓行忠直而遇患害,若比干、子胥也。〕</span>吾又何怨乎今之人?<span class="q">〔言自古有迷乱之君,若纣、夫差,不用忠信,灭国忘身,当何为复怨今之君乎。〕</span>余将董道而不豫兮,<span class="q">〔董,正也。豫,犹豫也。言己虽见先贤,执忠被害,犹正身直行,志不犹豫而有狐疑也。〕</span>固将重昏而终身。<span class="q">〔昏,乱也。言己不逢明君,思虑交错,心将重乱,以终年命。〕</span>

    【卜居一首】

    <span class="q">〔序曰:卜居者,屈原之所作也。原放弃,乃往太卜之家,卜己居俗,何所宜行。〕</span>

    ※屈平<span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    屈原既放,三年,<span class="q">〔违去郢都,处山林也。〕</span>不得复见。<span class="q">〔道路僻远,所在深也。〕</span>竭智尽忠,<span class="q">〔建造策谋,披胸心也。〕</span>蔽鄣於谗,<span class="q">〔遇谄佞也。〕</span>心烦意乱,<span class="q">〔意愤闷也。〕</span>不知所从。<span class="q">〔迷瞀眩也。〕</span>乃往见太卜郑詹尹,<span class="q">〔稽神明也。郑詹尹,工师姓名也。〕</span>曰:余有所疑,<span class="q">〔意惑遑也。〕</span>原因先生决之。<span class="q">〔断吉凶也。〕</span>詹尹乃端策拂龟,<span class="q">〔整仪容也。〕</span>曰:君将何以教之?<span class="q">〔愿闻其要。〕</span>屈原曰:<span class="q">〔吐词情也。〕</span>"吾宁悃悃款款。<span class="q">〔志纯一也。〕</span>朴以忠乎?<span class="q">〔竭诚信也。〕</span>将送往劳来<span class="q">〔追俗人也。〕</span>斯无穷乎。<span class="q">〔不困贫也。〕</span>宁诛锄草茅<span class="q">〔刈蒿菅也。〕</span>以力耕乎?<span class="q">〔耕稼穑也。〕</span>将游大人<span class="q">〔事贵戚也。〕</span>以成名乎?<span class="q">〔荣誉立也。〕</span>宁正言不讳<span class="q">〔谏君恶也。〕</span>以危身乎?<span class="q">〔被刑戮也。〕</span>将从俗富贵<span class="q">〔食重禄也。〕</span>以娱生乎?<span class="q">〔身安乐也。〕</span>宁超然高举<span class="q">〔让官爵也。〕</span>以保真乎?<span class="q">〔守玄默也。〕</span>将哫訾栗斯<span class="q">〔承颜色也。〕</span>喔咿嚅唲<span class="q">〔强笑噱也。〕</span>以事妇人乎?<span class="q">〔诎蜷局也。〕</span>宁廉絜正直<span class="q">〔志如玉也。〕</span>以自清乎?<span class="q">〔脩絜白也。〕</span>将突梯滑稽<span class="q">〔转随俗也。〕</span>如脂如韦<span class="q">〔柔弱曲也。〕</span>以洁楹乎?<span class="q">〔顺滑泽也。〕</span>宁昂昂<span class="q">〔志行高也。〕</span>若千里之驹乎?<span class="q">〔才绝殊也。〕</span>将汜汜<span class="q">〔普爱众也。〕</span>若水中之凫乎?<span class="q">〔群戏游也。〕</span>与波上下<span class="q">〔随众高卑。〕</span>偷以全吾躯乎?<span class="q">〔身无忧患。〕</span>宁与骐骥抗轭乎?<span class="q">〔冲天驱也。〕</span>将随驽马之迹乎?<span class="q">〔安步徐也。〕</span>宁与黄鹄比翼乎?<span class="q">〔飞云隅也。〕</span>将与鸡鹜争食乎?<span class="q">〔啄糠糟也。〕</span>此孰吉孰凶?<span class="q">〔谁喜忧也。〕</span>何去何从?<span class="q">〔安所由也。〕</span>世混浊而不清:<span class="q">〔货赂行也。〕</span>蝉翼为重,<span class="q">〔近谗佞也。〕</span>千钧为轻;<span class="q">〔远忠良也。〕</span>黄锺毁弃,<span class="q">〔贤隐藏也。〕</span>瓦釜雷鸣;<span class="q">〔愚喧讼也。〕</span>谗人高张,<span class="q">〔居朝堂也。〕</span>贤士无名。<span class="q">〔身穷困也。〕</span>吁嗟嘿嘿兮,<span class="q">〔世莫论也。〕</span>谁知吾之廉贞!<span class="q">〔不别贤也。〕</span>詹尹乃释策而谢,<span class="q">〔愚不能明。〕</span>曰:夫尺有所短,<span class="q">〔骐骥不骤中庭。〕</span>寸有所长;<span class="q">〔鸡鹤知时而鸣。〕</span>物有所不足,<span class="q">〔地亏东南角也。〕</span>智有所不明;<span class="q">〔孔子厄陈蔡也。〕</span>数有所不逮,<span class="q">〔天不可计量也。〕</span>神有所不通。<span class="q">〔日不能夜照也。〕</span>用君之心,<span class="q">〔所念虑也。〕</span>行君之意,<span class="q">〔遂本操也。〕</span>龟策诚不能知此事。<span class="q">〔不能决君之志。〕</span>

    【渔父一首】

    <span class="q">〔《序》曰:渔父者,屈原之所作。渔父避俗,时遇屈原,怪而问之,遂相应答。〕</span>

    ※屈平<span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    屈原既放,<span class="q">〔身斥逐也。〕</span>游於江潭,<span class="q">〔戏水侧也。〕</span>行吟泽畔,<span class="q">〔履荆棘也。〕</span>颜色憔悴,<span class="q">〔皯霉黑也。〕</span>形容枯槁。<span class="q">〔癯瘦瘠也。〕</span>渔父见而问之<span class="q">〔怪屈原也。〕</span>曰:子非三闾大夫欤?<span class="q">〔谓其故官。〕</span>何故至於斯?"<span class="q">〔曷为遭此患也。〕</span>屈原曰:世人皆浊<span class="q">〔众贪鄙也。〕</span>我独清,<span class="q">〔忠絜己也。〕</span>众人皆醉<span class="q">〔惑财贿也。〕</span>我独醒,<span class="q">〔廉自守也。〕</span>是以见放。<span class="q">〔弃草野也。〕</span>渔父曰:<span class="q">〔隐士言也。〕</span>圣人不凝滞於物,<span class="q">〔不困辱其身也。〕</span>而能与世推移。<span class="q">〔随俗方圆。〕</span>世皆浊,<span class="q">〔人贪婪也。〕</span>何不淈其泥<span class="q">〔同其风也。〕</span>而扬其波?<span class="q">〔与沈浮也。〕</span>众人皆醉,<span class="q">〔巧佞曲也。〕</span>何不餔其糟<span class="q">〔从其俗也。〕</span>而歠其醨?<span class="q">〔食其禄也。〕</span>何故深思高举,<span class="q">〔独行忠直。〕</span>自令放为?<span class="q">〔远在他域,〕</span>屈原曰:吾闻之,<span class="q">〔受圣制也。〕</span>新沐者必弹冠,<span class="q">〔拂土芥也。〕</span>新浴者必振衣。<span class="q">〔去尘秽也。〕</span>安能以身之察察,<span class="q">〔己清絜也。〕</span>受物之汶汶者乎?<span class="q">〔蒙垢尘也。〕</span>宁赴湘流,<span class="q">〔自沈渊也。〕</span>葬於江鱼腹中,<span class="q">〔身消烂也。〕</span>安能以皓皓之白,<span class="q">〔皓皓,犹皎皎也。〕</span>蒙世俗之尘埃乎?<span class="q">〔被污点也。〕</span>渔父莞尔而笑,<span class="q">〔笑难断也。〕</span>鼓枻而去。<span class="q">〔叩船舷也。〕</span>乃歌曰:沧浪之水清兮,<span class="q">〔喻世昭明。〕</span>可以濯我缨;<span class="q">〔沐浴升朝。〕</span>沧浪之水浊兮,<span class="q">〔喻世昏闇。〕</span>可以濯我足。<span class="q">〔宜隐遁也。〕</span>遂去,不复与言。<span class="q">〔合道真也。〕</span>

    【九辩五首】

    <span class="q">〔《序》曰:九辩者,楚大夫宋玉之所作也。辩者,变也。九者,阳之数也。道之纲纪也。谓陈说道德,以变说君也。宋玉,屈原弟子,闵惜其师忠而放逐,故作九辩以述其志也。〕</span>

    ※宋玉<span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    悲哉秋之为气也!<span class="q">〔寒气聊戾,岁将暮也。〕</span>萧瑟兮<span class="q">〔阴令促急,风疾暴也。〕</span>草木摇落<span class="q">〔华叶陨零,肥润去也。〕</span>而变衰。<span class="q">〔形体易色,枝枯槁也。自伤不遇,将与草木俱衰老也。〕</span>憭栗兮<span class="q">〔思念暴戾,心自伤也。憭音了。〕</span>若在远行,<span class="q">〔远客出去,之他方也。〕</span>登山临水兮<span class="q">〔升高远望,视江河也。〕</span>送将归。<span class="q">〔族亲别逝,还故乡。〕</span>沈寥兮<span class="q">〔沈寥,旷荡而虚静也。或曰:沈寥,犹萧条,无云貌也。沈音血。〕</span>天高而气清,<span class="q">〔秋天高朗,体清明也。言天高朗,照见无形。伤君昏乱,不聪明也。〕</span>寂漻兮<span class="q">〔源渎顺流,漠无声也。〕</span>收潦而水清。<span class="q">〔沟无溢潦,百川静也。言川水夏浊而秋清,伤君无有清明之时也。〕</span>憯凄增欷兮<span class="q">〔怆痛感动,叹息也。〕</span>薄寒之中人,<span class="q">〔伤我肌肤,变颜色也。〕</span>怆恍懭悢兮<span class="q">〔中情怆惘,意不得也。〕</span>去故而就新。<span class="q">〔初会鉏铻,志未合也。〕</span>坎廪兮<span class="q">〔数遭患祸,身困穷也。〕</span>贫士失职<span class="q">〔亡失财物,逢寇贼也。〕</span>而志不平,<span class="q">〔心常愤懑,意未明也。〕</span>廓落兮<span class="q">〔丧志失耦,块独立也。〕</span>羁旅而无友生。<span class="q">〔远客寄居,孤单特也。〕</span>惆怅兮<span class="q">〔后当失辈,惘愁毒也。〕</span>而私自怜。<span class="q">〔窃内念己,自闵伤也。〕</span>燕翩翩其辞归兮,<span class="q">〔将入大海,飞徊翔也。〕</span>蝉寂寞而无声。<span class="q">〔螗蜩敛翅,而伏藏也。〕</span>雁雍雍而南游兮,<span class="q">〔雄雌和乐,群戏行也。〕</span>鹍鸡啁哳而悲鸣。<span class="q">〔奋翼呼,而低昂也。夫燕蝉遇秋寒,将穴处而怀惧。候雁鹍鸡,喜乐而逸豫。言无有候雁鹍鸡之喜,而有蝉、燕之忧也。〕</span>独申旦而不寐兮,<span class="q">〔夜坐视瞻,而终明也。〕</span>哀蟋蟀之宵征。<span class="q">〔见蜻{列虫}之夜行,自伤放弃,与昆虫为双也。或曰:宵征,谓七月在,八月在宇,九月在户,十月蟋蟀入我床下,是其宵征行也。〕</span>时亹亹而过中兮,<span class="q">〔年己过半,日进往也。亹亹,进貌。《诗》曰:亹亹文王。〕</span>蹇淹留而无成。<span class="q">〔虽久寿考,无成功也。〕</span>

    悲忧穷蹙兮<span class="q">〔脩德见过,愁惧惶也。〕</span>独处廓,<span class="q">〔孤立特止,居一方也。〕</span>有美一人兮<span class="q">〔位尊服好,谓怀王也。〕</span>心不绎。<span class="q">〔常念弗解,内结藏也。〕</span>去乡离家兮<span class="q">〔背违邑里,之他乡也。〕</span>来远客,<span class="q">〔去郢南征,济沅湘也。〕</span>超逍遥兮<span class="q">〔远出游逝,离州域也。〕</span>今焉薄?<span class="q">〔欲止无贤,皆谗贼也。〕</span>专思君兮<span class="q">〔执心壹意,在胸臆也。〕</span>不可化,<span class="q">〔同姓亲联,恩义笃也。〕</span>君不知兮<span class="q">〔聪明浅短,志迷惑也。〕</span>可奈何!<span class="q">〔顽嚚难启,长叹息也。〕</span>蓄怨兮积思,<span class="q">〔结恨在心,虑愤郁也。〕</span>心烦憺兮忘食事。<span class="q">〔思君念主,忽不良也。〕</span>顾一见兮道余意,<span class="q">〔舒写忠诚,自陈列也。〕</span>君之心兮与余异。<span class="q">〔方圆殊性,犹白黑也。〕</span>车驾兮朅而归,<span class="q">〔回逝言还,欲反国也。〕</span>不得见兮心悲。<span class="q">〔自伤流离,路隔塞也。〕</span>倚结軨兮太息,<span class="q">〔伏车重軨,而涕泣也。〕</span>涕潺湲兮霑轼。<span class="q">〔泣下交流,濡茵席也。〕</span>慷慨绝兮不得,<span class="q">〔中心恚恨,心剥切也。〕</span>中瞀乱兮迷惑。<span class="q">〔思念烦惑,忘南北也。〕</span>私自怜兮何极?<span class="q">〔哀禄命薄,常含戚也。〕</span>心怦怦兮谅直。<span class="q">〔志行忠正,无所告也。〕</span>

    皇天平分四时兮,<span class="q">〔何直春生而秋杀也。《尔雅》曰:四时和为通正。〕</span>窃独悲此凛秋。<span class="q">〔微霜凄怆,寒栗烈也。〕</span>白露既下降百草兮,<span class="q">〔万物群生,将被害也。〕</span>奄离披此梧楸。<span class="q">〔痛伤茂木,又芟刈也。〕</span>去白日之昭昭兮,<span class="q">〔违离天明,而湮没也。〕</span>袭长夜之悠悠。<span class="q">〔永处冥冥,而覆蔽也。〕</span>离芳蔼之方壮兮,<span class="q">〔去己盛美之光容也。〕</span>余委约而悲愁。<span class="q">〔身体疲病,而忧穷也。〕</span>秋既先戒以白露兮,<span class="q">〔君不引德,而严令也。〕</span>冬又申之以严霜。<span class="q">〔刑罚刻峻而重深也。〕</span>收恢炱之孟夏兮,<span class="q">〔上无仁恩以养民,夫天制四时。春生夏长,人君则之以养万物。秋杀冬藏,亦顺其宜而行刑罚。故君贤臣忠,政合大中,则品庶安宁,万物丰茂。上闇下伪,用法残虐,则贞良被害,草木枯落,故宋玉援引天时,讬譬草木,以茂美树,兴於仁贤,早遇霜露,怀德君子,忠而被害也。〕</span>然坎傺而沈藏。<span class="q">〔民无住足,窜岩薮也。楚人谓住曰傺。〕</span>叶菸邑而无色兮,<span class="q">〔颜容变易,而苍黑也。〕</span>枝烦拿而交横。<span class="q">〔柯条纠错而崱嶷也。〕</span>颜氵溢而将罢兮,<span class="q">〔形貌羸瘦,无润泽也。〕</span>柯仿佛而委黄。<span class="q">〔腹内空虚,皮乾腊也。〕</span>萷櫹椮之可哀兮,<span class="q">〔华叶已落,茎独立也。〕</span>形销铄而瘀伤。<span class="q">〔身体燋枯,被病久也。〕</span>惟其纷糅而将落兮,<span class="q">〔蓬茸值仆,根蠹朽也。〕</span>恨其失时而无当。<span class="q">〔不值圣主,而年老也。〕</span>览騑辔而下节兮,<span class="q">〔安步徐马,而勿驱也。〕</span>聊逍遥以相羊。<span class="q">〔且徐低佪,以游戏也。〕</span>岁忽忽而遒尽兮,<span class="q">〔年岁逝往之若流也。〕</span>恐余寿之弗将。<span class="q">〔惧我性命之不长也。〕</span>悼余生之不时兮,<span class="q">〔伤己幼少,后三王也。〕</span>逢此世之俇攘。<span class="q">〔卒遇谮谗而遽惶也。〕</span>澹容与而独倚兮,<span class="q">〔茕茕独立,无朋党也。〕</span>蟋蟀鸣此西堂。<span class="q">〔自闵伤己,与虫并也。〕</span>心怵惕而震荡兮,<span class="q">〔思虑惕动,沸若汤也。〕</span>何所忧之多方!<span class="q">〔内念君父及兄弟也。〕</span>仰明月而太息兮,<span class="q">〔上告昊天,愬神灵也。〕</span>步列星而极明。<span class="q">〔周览九天,仰观星宿,不能卧寐,乃至明也。〕</span>

    窃悲夫蕙华之曾敷兮,<span class="q">〔蕙草芬芳,以兴在位之贤臣也。〕</span>纷旖旎乎都房。<span class="q">〔被服盛饰於宫殿也。旖旎,盛貌也。《诗》云:旖旎其华。〕</span>何曾华之无实兮,<span class="q">〔外貌若忠,而心佞也。〕</span>从风雨而飞扬。<span class="q">〔随君嗜欲而回倾也。夫风为号令,雨为德惠,故风动而草木摇,雨降而万物植,故以风雨谕君政。言德惠所由出之也。〕</span>以为君独服此蕙兮,<span class="q">〔体受正气而高明也。〕</span>羌无以异於众芳。<span class="q">〔乃与佞臣之同情也。〕</span>闵奇思之不通兮,<span class="q">〔伤己忠策,无由入也。〕</span>将去君而高翔。<span class="q">〔適彼乐土,之他域也。〕</span>心闵怜之惨凄兮,<span class="q">〔内自哀念,心恻隐也。〕</span>愿一见而有明。<span class="q">〔分别忠心与伪惑也。〕</span>重无怨而生离兮,<span class="q">〔身无罪过,而逐放也。〕</span>中结轸而增伤。<span class="q">〔肝胆破裂,心剖〈片畐〉也。〕</span>岂不郁陶而思君兮,<span class="q">〔愤念蓄积,盈胸臆也。〕</span>君之门以九重。<span class="q">〔门闱扃闭,道路塞也。〕</span>猛犬狺狺而迎吠兮,<span class="q">〔谗佞欢呼,而在侧也。〕</span>关梁闭而不通。<span class="q">〔阍人承指,呵问急也。〕</span>皇天氵溢而秋霖兮,<span class="q">〔久雨连日,泽深厚也。〕</span>后土何时而得乾!<span class="q">〔山阜濡泽,草木茂也。〕</span>块独守此无泽兮,<span class="q">〔不蒙恩施,独枯槁也。〕</span>仰浮云而永叹。<span class="q">〔诉天语神,我何咎也?〕</span>

    何时俗之工巧兮,<span class="q">〔世人辩慧,造诈伪也。〕</span>背绳墨而改错。<span class="q">〔违废圣典,背仁义也。夫绳墨者,工之法度也。仁义者,民之正路也。绳墨用则曲木截,仁义进则谗佞灭。二者殊义,不可不察也。〕</span>却骐骥而不乘兮,<span class="q">〔斥逐子胥与比干也。〕</span>策驽骀而取路。<span class="q">〔言任竖刀与椒兰也。〕</span>当世岂无骐骥兮?<span class="q">〔家有稷契与管晏也。〕</span>诚莫之能善御。<span class="q">〔世无尧舜及桓文也。〕</span>见执辔者非其人兮,<span class="q">〔遭值桀纣之乱昏也。〕</span>故驹跳而远去。<span class="q">〔被发为奴,走横奔也。〕</span>凫雁皆唼夫梁藻兮,<span class="q">〔群小在位,食重禄也。〕</span>凤愈飘翔而高举。<span class="q">〔贤者伏匿,窜山谷也。〕</span>圜凿而方枘兮,<span class="q">〔正直邪枉,行殊则也。〕</span>吾固知其鉏铻而难入。<span class="q">〔所务不同,若粉墨也。〕</span>众鸟皆有所登栖兮,<span class="q">〔群佞并进,处官爵也。〕</span>凤独遑遑而无所集。<span class="q">〔孔子栖栖,而困厄也。〕</span>愿衔枚而无言兮,<span class="q">〔意欲括囊而静默也。〕</span>常被君之渥洽。<span class="q">〔前蒙宠遇锡祉福也。〕</span>太公九十乃显荣兮,<span class="q">〔吕尚耆老,然后贵也。〕</span>诚未遇其匹合。<span class="q">〔遭值文王,功冠世也。〕</span>谓骐骥兮安归?<span class="q">〔踌躇吴坂,遇伯乐也。〕</span>谓凤皇兮安栖?<span class="q">〔集栖梧桐,食竹实也。〕</span>变古易俗兮世衰,<span class="q">〔以贤为愚,时闇惑也。〕</span>今之相者兮举肥。<span class="q">〔不量才能,视颜色也。〕</span>骐骥伏匿而不见兮,<span class="q">〔仁贤幽处而隐藏也。〕</span>凤皇高飞而不下。<span class="q">〔智者远逝,之四方也。〕</span>鸟兽犹知怀德兮,<span class="q">〔慕归尧、舜之明德也。〕</span>何云贤士之不处?<span class="q">〔二老太公归文王也。〕</span>骥不骤进而求服兮,<span class="q">〔干木阖门而辞相也。〕</span>凤亦不贪馁而妄食。<span class="q">〔颜阖凿培而逃亡也。〕</span>君弃远而不察兮,<span class="q">〔介推割股而自放也。〕</span>虽愿忠其焉得?<span class="q">〔申生至孝而被谤也。〕</span>欲寂寞而绝端兮,<span class="q">〔甯武佯愚而不言也。〕</span>窃不敢忘初之厚德。<span class="q">〔常受禄惠,识旧恩也。〕</span>独悲愁其伤人兮,<span class="q">〔思念缠结,摧肺肝也。〕</span>冯郁郁其何极!<span class="q">〔愤懑盈胸,终年岁也。〕</span>

    【招魂一首】

    <span class="q">〔《序》曰:招魂者,宋玉之所作也。宋玉怜哀屈原厥命将落,作招魂。欲以复其精神,延其年寿也。〕</span>

    ※宋玉<span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    朕幼清以廉絜兮,<span class="q">〔朕,我也。不求曰清,不受曰廉,不污曰絜。〕</span>身服义而未沫。<span class="q">〔沫,已也。言我少小脩清絜之行,身服仁义,未曾有懈己之时也。沫音昧。〕</span>主此盛德兮,牵於俗而芜秽。<span class="q">〔牵,引也。不治曰芜,多草曰秽。言己施行,常以道德为主,以忠事君,以信结交。为俗人所推引,德能芜秽,无所用也。〕</span>上无所考此盛德兮,<span class="q">〔考,校也。〕</span>长离殃而愁苦。<span class="q">〔殃,祸也。言己履行忠信,而遇闇主,上则无所考校己盛德长遭殃祸,愁苦而已。〕</span>帝告巫阳<span class="q">〔帝,谓天也。女曰巫,阳其名也。〕</span>曰:有人在下,我欲辅之。<span class="q">〔人,谓贤人也。则屈原也。宋玉上设天意,祐助贞良,故曰:帝告巫阳,有贤人屈原,在於下方。我欲辅成其志,以厉黎民也。〕</span>魂魄离散,汝筮予之。<span class="q">〔魂者,身之精,魄者,性之决也。所以经纬五藏,保守形体也。蓍曰筮。《尚书》曰:决之蓍龟,言天帝哀闵屈原魂魄离散。身将颠沛,使巫阳筮问求索,得而与之,使反其身。〕</span>巫阳对曰:掌梦。<span class="q">〔巫阳对天帝言。招魂者,本掌梦之官所主职也。〕</span>上帝其命难从。<span class="q">〔言天帝难从掌梦之官,欲使巫阳招之也。〕</span>若必筮予之,恐后之谢,不能复用巫阳焉。<span class="q">〔谢,去也。巫阳言:如必欲先筮问求魂魄所在,然后与之。恐后世怠懈必卜筮之法,不能复脩用,但招之可也。〕</span>乃下招曰:<span class="q">〔巫阳受天帝之命,因下招屈原之魂也。〕</span>

    魂兮来归!<span class="q">〔还归屈原之身。〕</span>去君之恒幹,<span class="q">〔恒,常也。幹,体也。《易》曰:贞者,事之幹也。〕</span>何为兮四方些?<span class="q">〔言魂灵当扶人养命,何为去君之常体而远之四方乎?夫人须魂而生,魂待人而荣。二者别离,命则霣零也。或曰:去君之恒闬。闬,里也。楚人名里曰闬也。〕</span>舍君之乐处,而离彼不祥些。<span class="q">〔舍,置也。祥,善也。言何为舍君楚国饶乐之处?陆离走不善之乡,以触众恶也。〕</span>魂兮归来,东方不可以讬些。<span class="q">〔讬,寄也。《论语》曰:可以讬六尺之孤。言东方之俗,其人无义,不可以讬寄身也。〕</span>长人千仞,唯魂是索些。<span class="q">〔七尺曰仞。索,求也。言东方有长人国,其高千仞,主求人魂而食之也。〕</span>十日代出,<span class="q">〔代,更也。〕</span>流金铄石些。<span class="q">〔铄,销也。言东方有扶桑之木,十日并在其上,以次更行,其势酷烈,金石坚刚,皆为销释。〕</span>彼皆习之,魂往必释些。<span class="q">〔释,解也。言彼十日之处,自习其热,魂行到,身必解烂也。〕</span>归来归来,不可以讬些。<span class="q">〔言魂宜急来归,此诚不可讬附而居。〕</span>魂兮归来,南方不可以止些。<span class="q">〔言南方之俗,其人无信,不可久留也。〕</span>雕题黑齿,<span class="q">〔雕,画也。题,额也。〕</span>得人肉而祀,以其骨为醢些。<span class="q">〔醢,酱也。言南极之人,雕画其额,齿牙尽黑,常食蠃蚌。得人之肉,用祭先祖,复以其骨为醢酱。〕</span>蝮蛇蓁蓁,<span class="q">〔蝮,大蛇。蓁蓁,积聚之貌。〕</span>封狐千里些。<span class="q">〔封狐,大狐也。言炎土之气多蝮虺,积聚蓁蓁,争欲啮人。又有大狐,健走千里求食,不可逢遇也。〕</span>雄虺九首,往来倏忽,吞人以益其心些。<span class="q">〔倏忽,疾急貌也。言复有雄虺,一身九头,往来奄忽,常喜吞人魂魄。以益其贼害之心也。〕</span>归来归来,不可久氵些。<span class="q">〔氵,游也。言其恶如此,不可久游,必被害也。〕</span>魂兮归来,西方之害,流沙千里些。<span class="q">〔流沙,沙流而行也。言西方之地厥土不毛,流沙滑滑,昼夜流行,纵横千里,又无舟航者也。〕</span>旋入雷渊,<span class="q">〔旋,转也。渊,室也。〕</span>爢散而不可止些。<span class="q">〔爢,碎也。言欲涉流沙,则回入雷公之室,运转而行,身虽爢碎,尚不可得休止也。〕</span>幸而得脱,其外旷宇些。<span class="q">〔旷,大也。宇,野也。言从雷渊虽得免脱,其外复有旷远之野,无人之土也。〕</span>赤蚁若象,<span class="q">〔蚁,蚍蜉也。〕</span>玄蜂若壶些。<span class="q">〔壶,乾瓠也。言旷野之中有赤蚁,其大如象,又有大飞蜂,腹大如壶,皆有虿毒,能杀人。〕</span>五谷不生,丛菅是食些。<span class="q">〔柴棘为丛。菅,茅也。言西极之地,不生五穀,其人但食柴草,若群牛也。〕</span>其土烂人,求水无所得些。<span class="q">〔言西方之土,温暑而热,燋烂人身肉。渴欲求水,无有源泉,不可得也。〕</span>彷徉无所倚,广大无所极些。<span class="q">〔倚,依也。言欲彷徉东西,无人可依,其野广大,行不可极也。〕</span>归来归来!恐自遗贼些。<span class="q">〔贼,害也。魂魄欲往者,自予贼害。〕</span>魂兮归来!北方不可以止些。增冰峨峨,飞雪千里些。<span class="q">〔言北方常寒,其冰重累,峨峨如山,凉风急疾,雪随之飞行千里,乃至地也。〕</span>归来归来,不可以久些。<span class="q">〔言其寒杀人,不可久留也。〕</span>魂兮归来,君无上天些。<span class="q">〔天不可得上也。〕</span>虎豹九关,啄害下人些。<span class="q">〔啄,啮也。天门九重,使神虎豹执其开闭。言啄天下欲上之人而杀之。〕</span>一夫九首,拔木九千些。<span class="q">〔言有丈夫,一身九头,强梁多力,从朝至暮,拔大木九千枚也。〕</span>豺狼从目,往来侁々些。<span class="q">〔侁々,行声也。《诗》曰:侁々征夫,有豺狼之兽。其目皆从奔走往来,其声侁々,争欲啖人。〕</span>悬人以嬉,投之深渊些。<span class="q">〔投,掷也。言豺狼得人不即啖食,先悬其头,用之嬉戏,疲倦已后,乃掷於深渊之底而弃之。〕</span>致命於帝,然后得瞑些。<span class="q">〔瞑,卧也。言投人已讫,上致命於天帝,然后乃得眠卧也。〕</span>归来归来,往恐危身些。<span class="q">〔往则逢害,身危殆也。〕</span>魂兮归来,君无下此幽都些。<span class="q">〔幽都,地下后土所治也。地下幽冥,故曰幽都。〕</span>土伯九约,其角觺々些。<span class="q">〔土伯,后土之侯伯也。约,屈也。觺々,角利貌。言地有土伯执卫门户,其身九屈,有角觺々,触害人也。〕</span>敦脄血拇,<span class="q">〔敦,厚也。脄,背也。拇,手拇指也。〕</span>逐人駓々些。<span class="q">〔駓々,走貌也。言土伯之状,广肩厚背,逐人駓々,其走捷疾,以手中血漫污人。〕</span>参目虎首,其身若牛些。<span class="q">〔言土伯之头,其貌如虎,而有三目,身又肥大,状如牛矣。〕</span>此皆甘人,归来归来,恐自遗灾些。<span class="q">〔甘,美也。灾,害也。此物食人以为甘美,往必自害不旋踵。〕</span>

    魂兮归来,入脩门些。<span class="q">〔脩门,郢城门也。宋玉设呼屈原之魂归楚都,入郢门,欲以感激怀王,使还之也。〕</span>工祝招君,背行先些。<span class="q">〔工,巧也。男巫曰祝。背,倍也。言选择名工巧辩之巫,使招呼君,倍道先行,在前宜随也。〕</span>秦篝齐缕,<span class="q">〔篝,落也。缕,线也。〕</span>郑绵络些。<span class="q">〔绵,缠也。络,缚也。言为君魂作衣,乃使秦人织其篝落,齐人作彩缕,郑国之工缠而缚之,坚而且好也。〕</span>招具该备,永啸呼些。<span class="q">〔该,亦备也。言撰设甘美招魂之具靡不毕备,故长啸大呼,以招君也。夫啸者阴也,呼者阳也。阴主魂,阳主魄,故必啸呼以感之也。〕</span>魂兮归来,反故居些。<span class="q">〔反,还也。故,古也。言宜急来,归还古昔之处。〕</span>天地四方,多贼奸些。<span class="q">〔贼,害,奸,恶也。言天有虎豹,地有土伯,东有长人,西有赤蚁,南有雄虺,北有增冰,皆为奸恶以贼害也。〕</span>像设君室,<span class="q">〔像,法也。〕</span>静间安些。<span class="q">〔无声曰静,空宽曰间,言乃为君造设第室,法像旧庐,所在之处,清静宽间,可安乐之。〕</span>高堂邃宇,<span class="q">〔邃,深也。宇,屋也。〕</span>槛层轩些。<span class="q">〔槛,楯也。从曰槛,横曰楯。轩,楼板也。言所造之室,其堂高显,屋宇深邃,下有槛楯,上有楼板,形容异制,且鲜明也。〕</span>层台累榭,<span class="q">〔层累,皆重也。有木谓之台,无木谓之榭。〕</span>临高山些。<span class="q">〔言复作层重之台,累石之榭,其颠眇眇,上乃临於高山也。或曰:临高山而作台榭也。〕</span>网户朱缀,<span class="q">〔网户,绮文镂也。朱,丹也。缀,缘也。〕</span>刻方连些。<span class="q">〔刻,镂也。横木关柱为连,言门户之楣,皆刻镂绮文,朱丹其椽,雕镂绮木,使方好也。〕</span>冬有突夏,<span class="q">〔突,复室也。夏,大屋也。《诗》云:於我乎夏屋渠渠也。〕</span>夏室寒些。<span class="q">〔言隆冬冻寒,则有大屋复突温室。盛夏暑热,则有洞达阴堂,其内寒凉也。〕</span>川谷径复,<span class="q">〔流源为川,注溪为谷,径,过也。复,反也。〕</span>流潺湲些。<span class="q">〔言所居之舍,激导川水,经过园庭,回通反覆,其流急疾,又絜净也。〕</span>光风转蕙,<span class="q">〔光风,谓雨已日出而风,草木有光色。转,摇也。〕</span>汜崇兰些。<span class="q">〔汜,犹泛。泛,摇动貌也。崇,充也。言天霁日明,微风奋发,动摇草木,皆令有光,充实兰蕙,使之芬芳而益畅。〕</span>经堂入奥,<span class="q">〔西南隅谓之奥。〕</span>朱尘筵些。<span class="q">〔朱,丹也。尘,承尘也。筵,席也。《诗》云:肆筵设机,言升殿过堂,入房至奥处,上则有朱画承尘,下则有筵簟好席,可以休息也。或曰:朱尘筵。谓承尘薄壁,曼延相连接也。〕</span>砥室翠翘,<span class="q">〔砥,石名也。翠,鸟名也。翘,羽也。〕</span>絓曲琼些。<span class="q">〔絓,悬也。曲琼,玉钩也,言内卧之室,以砥石为壁,平而滑泽,以翠鸟之羽,雕饰玉钩,以悬衣物也。或曰:儃室,谓儃佪曲房也。〕</span>翡翠珠被,<span class="q">〔雄曰翡,雌曰翠。被,衾也。〕</span>烂齐光些。<span class="q">〔齐,同也。言床上之被,则饰以翡翠之羽。及与珠玑,刻画众华,其文烂然而同光明。〕</span>蒻阿拂壁,<span class="q">〔蒻,蒻席也。阿,曲隅也。拂,薄也。〕</span>罗帱张些。<span class="q">〔罗,绮属也。张,施也。言房内则以蒻席薄床,四壁及与曲隅施罗帱,轻且凉也。〕</span>纂组绮缟,<span class="q">〔纂组,绶类也。〕</span>结琦璜些。<span class="q">〔璜,玉名也。言帏帐之细,皆用绮缟,又以纂组结束玉璜,为帏帐之饰。〕</span>室中之观,多珍怪些。<span class="q">〔金玉为珍,诡异为怪。言从观房室之中,四方珍琦玩好怪物,无不毕具。〕</span>兰膏明烛,<span class="q">〔以兰香练膏也。〕</span>华容备些。<span class="q">〔容,貌也。言日暮游宴,然香兰之膏,张施明烛,以观其镫锭,雕镂百兽,华奇好备也。〕</span>二八侍宿,<span class="q">〔二八,二列也。言大夫有二列之乐。《左传》曰:晋悼公赐魏绛女乐二八,歌锺二肆也。〕</span>射递代些。<span class="q">〔射,厌也。《诗》云:服之无射。递,更也。言使好女十六,侍君宴宿,意有厌倦,则使更相代也。或曰:递代夕暮也。〕</span>九侯淑女,<span class="q">〔淑,善也。〕</span>多迅众些。<span class="q">〔迅,疾也。言复有九国诸侯,好善之女,多才长意,用心齐疾,胜於众人也。〕</span>盛鬋不同制,<span class="q">〔鬖,鬓也。制,法也。〕</span>实满宫些。<span class="q">〔宫,犹室也。《尔雅》曰:宫谓之室,言九侯之女,工巧妍雅,装饰两结,垂鬓下发,形貌诡异,不与众同,皆来实满充后宫也。〕</span>容态好比,<span class="q">〔态,姿也。比,亲也。〕</span>顺弥代些。<span class="q">〔弥,久也。言美女众多,其貌齐同,姿态好美,自相亲比,承顺上意,久则相代。〕</span>弱颜固植,<span class="q">〔固,坚。植,志也。〕</span>謇其有意些。<span class="q">〔謇,正言貌也。言美女内多廉耻,弱颜易愧,心志坚固,不可侵犯,则謇然发言中礼意者也。〕</span>姱容脩态,<span class="q">〔姱,好貌也。脩,长也。〕</span>縆洞房些。<span class="q">〔縆,竟也。房,室也。言复有美好之女,其貌姱好,多意长知,群聚罗列,竟於洞达满房室也。〕</span>娥眉曼睩,<span class="q">〔曼,泽也。睩,视貌也。〕</span>目腾光些。<span class="q">〔腾,驰也。言美女之貌,娥眉玉貌,好目曼泽,时睩睩然视,精光腾驰,惊感人心也。〕</span>靡颜腻理,<span class="q">〔靡,致也。腻,滑也。〕</span>遗视矊些。<span class="q">〔遗,窃视。矊,脉也。言美女颜容脂致,身体夷滑,中心矊脉,时窃视,安详谛,志不可动也。〕</span>离榭脩幕,<span class="q">〔离,朆修,长也。幕,大帐也。〕</span>侍君之閒<span class="q">〔闲〕</span>些。<span class="q">〔闲,静也。言愿令美女於离宫别观,帐幕之中,侍君闲静而宴游,〕</span>翡帷翠帱,饰高堂些。<span class="q">〔言复以翡翠之羽,雕饰帱帐之高堂,以乐君也。〕</span>红壁沙版,<span class="q">〔红,赤貌也。沙,丹沙也。〕</span>玄玉之梁些。<span class="q">〔玄,黑也。言堂上四壁皆垩色,令之红白,又以丹沙尽饰轩版,承以黑玉之梁,五采分别也。〕</span>仰观刻桷,画龙蛇些。<span class="q">〔言仰视屋之榱橑,皆刻画龙蛇,而有文章也。〕</span>坐堂伏槛,<span class="q">〔槛,楯也。〕</span>临曲池些。<span class="q">〔言坐於堂上,前伏楯,下临曲水清池,可渔钓也。〕</span>芙蓉始发,<span class="q">〔芙蓉,莲华也。〕</span>杂芰荷些。<span class="q">〔芰,菱也。秦人谓之薢茩。言池中有芙蓉始发,其芰菱杂错罗列而生,俱盛茂也。或曰:倚荷,立生特倚也。〕</span>紫茎屏风,<span class="q">〔屏风,水葵也。〕</span>文缘波些。<span class="q">〔言复有水葵生於池中,其茎紫色,风起水动,波缘其叶而生文也。或曰:紫茎,言荷叶紫色也。屏风,谓叶鄣风也。〕</span>文异豹饰,<span class="q">〔豹,犹虎豹也。〕</span>侍陂陀些。<span class="q">〔陂陀,长陛也。言侍从之人,皆衣虎豹之文,异采之饰,侍君堂隅,卫阶陛也。或曰:侍陂池,侍从於君游陂池之中也。〕</span>轩辌既低,<span class="q">〔轩辌,皆轻车名也。低,屯也。〕</span>步骑罗些。<span class="q">〔徒行为步,乘马为骑。罗,列也。言官属之车,既已屯止,步骑士众,罗列之陈,竢须君命。〕</span>兰薄户树,<span class="q">〔薄,附也。树,种也。〕</span>琼木篱些。<span class="q">〔柴落为篱,言所造舍,种树兰蕙,附於门户,外以玉木为其篱落,守御坚重又芬香也。〕</span>魂兮归来,何远为些。<span class="q">〔远为四方而不归也。〕</span>

    室家遂宗,<span class="q">〔宗,众也。〕</span>食多方些。<span class="q">〔方,道也。言君九族室家以众盛,人人晓味,故饮食之和,多方道也。〕</span>稻粢穱麦,<span class="q">〔稻,稌也。粢,稷也。穱,择也,择麦中先熟者。粢,子夷切。穱,侧角切。〕</span>拿黄粱些。<span class="q">〔拿,糅也。言饭则以稻糅稷,择新麦糅以黄梁,和而柔濡,且香滑,〕</span>大苦咸酸,<span class="q">〔大苦,豉也。〕</span>辛甘行些。<span class="q">〔辛,谓椒姜也。甘,谓饴蜜也。言取豉汁,调和以椒姜咸酢,和以饴蜜,则辛甘之味皆发而行也。〕</span>肥牛之腱,<span class="q">〔腱,筋头也。〕</span>臑若芳些。<span class="q">〔臑若,熟烂也。言取肥牛之腱烂熟之,则〈月巽〉美也。〕</span>和酸若苦,陈吴羹些。<span class="q">〔言吴人工作羹,和调甘酸,其味若苦而后甘者也。〕</span>濡鳖炮羔,<span class="q">〔羔,羊子也。〕</span>有柘浆些。<span class="q">〔柘,藷蔗也。言复以饴蜜濡鳖炮羔,令之烂熟,取诸蔗之汁,以为浆饮也。〕</span>鹄酸臇凫,<span class="q">〔臇,小臛也。〕</span>煎鸿鸧些。<span class="q">〔鸿,鸿雁也。鸧,鸧鹤也。言复以酢酱烹鹄为羹。小臇臛凫,煎熬鸿鸧,令之肥美也。〕</span>露鸡臛蠵,<span class="q">〔露鸡,露栖鸡也。有菜曰羹,无菜曰臛。蠵,大龟也。〕</span>厉而不爽些。<span class="q">〔厉,烈也。爽,败也。楚人名羹曰爽。言乃复烹露栖之肥鸡,臛蠵龟之肉,其味清烈不败也。〕</span>粔籹蜜饵,有餦餭些。<span class="q">〔餦餭,餳也。以蜜和米面熬煎作粔籹,捣黍作饵,又有美餳,众味甘具也。〕</span>瑶浆蜜勺,<span class="q">〔瑶,玉也。勺,沾也。〕</span>实羽觞些。<span class="q">〔实,满也。羽,翠羽也,觞,觚也。言食已,复有玉浆,以蜜沾之,满羽觞以漱口。〕</span>挫糟冻饮,<span class="q">〔挫,捉也。冻,冰也。〕</span>酎清凉些。<span class="q">〔酎,醇酒也。言盛夏则为覆蹙乾酿,捉去其糟,但取清醇,居之冰上,然后饮之,酒寒清凉,又长味好饮。〕</span>华酌既陈,<span class="q">〔酌,酒升也。〕</span>有琼浆些。<span class="q">〔言酒尊在前,华酌陈列,复有玉浆,恣意所用者也。〕</span>归来归来反故室,敬而无妨些。<span class="q">〔妨,害也。言若魂急来归还反所居故室,子孙承事恭敬,长无祸害也。〕</span>

    肴羞未通,<span class="q">〔鱼肉为肴。羞,进也。〕</span>女乐罗些。<span class="q">〔言肴膳已具,进举在前,宾主之礼,殷勤未通,则女乐列堂下。〕</span>陈锺桉鼓,<span class="q">〔桉,徐也。〕</span>造新歌些。<span class="q">〔言乃奏乐作音,而撞锺徐鼓,造为新曲之歌,与众绝异。〕</span>涉江采菱,发杨荷些。<span class="q">〔楚人歌曲也。言己涉彼大江,南入湖池,采取菱芰,发杨荷叶。喻屈原背去朝堂,隐伏草泽,失其所也。〕</span>美人既醉,朱颜酡些。<span class="q">〔朱,赤也。酡,著也。言美女饮啖醉〈酉包〉,则面著赤色而鲜好也。〕</span>娭光眇视,<span class="q">〔娭,戏也。眇,眺也。〕</span>目曾波些。<span class="q">〔波,华也。言美人醉乐,顾望娭戏,身有光文,眺视曲眄,目采眇然,白黑分明,精若水波而重华也。〕</span>被文服纤,<span class="q">〔文,谓绮绣也。纤,谓罗縠也。〕</span>丽而不奇些。<span class="q">〔丽,美貌也。不奇,奇也。犹《诗》云:不显,显也。言美女被服绮绣曳罗縠,其容美丽,诚足怪奇也。〕</span>长发曼鬋,<span class="q">〔曼,泽也。〕</span>艳陆离些。<span class="q">〔艳,好貌也。《左氏传》曰:宋华督见孔父之妻,目逆而送之,曰:美而艳。言美人长发工结,鬓鬋滑泽,其状艳美,仪貌陆离而难形也。〕</span>二八齐容,<span class="q">〔齐,同也。〕</span>起郑舞些。<span class="q">〔郑舞,郑国舞也。言二八美女,其仪容齐一,被服同饰,奋袂俱起而舞也。或曰:郑重折屈而舞也。〕</span>衽若交竿,抚案下些。<span class="q">〔抚,抵也。言舞者便旋,衣衽掉摇,回转相拘,状如交竹竿,以抵案而徐行者也。〕</span>竽瑟狂会,<span class="q">〔狂,犹并也。〕</span>搷鸣鼓些。<span class="q">〔搷,击也。言众乐并会,吹竽弹瑟,又搷击鼓以进入音,为之节也。〕</span>宫庭震惊,发激楚些。<span class="q">〔激,清声也。言众乐并会,宫庭之内,莫不震动惊骇,复作激楚之声,以发其音也。〕</span>吴歈蔡讴,<span class="q">〔吴蔡,国名也。歈讴,皆歌也。〕</span>奏大吕些。<span class="q">〔大吕,律名也。《周官》曰:舞云门,奏大吕,言乃复使吴人歌谣,蔡人讴吟,进雅乐,奏大吕,五音六律,声和调也。〕</span>士女杂坐,乱而不分些。<span class="q">〔言醉饱酣乐,合尊促席,男女杂坐,比肩齐睐,恣意调戏,乱而不分别也。〕</span>放陈组缨,<span class="q">〔组,绶也。〕</span>班其相纷些。<span class="q">〔纷,乱也。言男女共坐,除其威严,放其冠缨,舒陈印绶,班然相乱,不可整理也。〕</span>郑卫妖玩,来杂陈些。<span class="q">〔郑卫,国名也。妖玩,好女也。杂,厕也。陈,列也。言郑卫二国,复遣妖玩好女,来杂厕俱坐而陈列之。〕</span>激楚之结,<span class="q">〔激,感也。结,头髻也。结〕</span>独秀先些。<span class="q">〔秀,异也。言郑卫妖女,工於服饰,其结殊形,能感楚人。故秀异独前,而先进也。〕</span>菎<span class="q">〔昆〕</span>蔽象釭,<span class="q">〔菎,玉。蔽,簙箸,以玉饰之也。或言菎蕗,今之箭囊也。〕</span>有六簙些。<span class="q">〔投六箸,行六棋,故为六簙也。言宴乐既毕,乃设六簙。菎蕗作箸,象牙为棋,妙且好也。〕</span>分曹并进,<span class="q">〔曹,偶也。〕</span>遒相迫些。<span class="q">〔遒,亦迫也。言分曹列耦,并进伎巧,投箸行釭,转相遒迫,使不得择行也。或曰:分曹并进者,谓并用射礼进之。〕</span>成枭而牟,<span class="q">〔倍胜为牟。〕</span>呼五白些。<span class="q">〔五白,簙齿也。言己棋己枭,当成牟胜,射张食棋,下逃於窟,故呼五白以助投者也。〕</span>晋制犀比,<span class="q">〔晋,国名也。制,作也。比,集者也。〕</span>费白日些。<span class="q">〔费,光貌也。言晋国工作簙棋箸,比集犀角以为雕饰,投之皜然如日光。〕</span>铿钟摇虡,<span class="q">〔铿,撞也。摇,动也。〕</span>揳梓瑟些。<span class="q">〔揳,鼓也。言众宾既集,簙以相乐,堂下复鸣大钟,左右歌吟、鼓琴瑟。〕</span>娱酒不废,<span class="q">〔娱,乐也。〕</span>沈日夜些。<span class="q">〔言虽以酒相娱乐,不废政事,昼夜沈湎,以忘忧也。或曰:娱酒不发。发,旦也。《诗》曰:明发不寐。言欢娱日夜湛乐也。又曰:和乐且耽,言昼夜以酒相乐也。〕</span>兰膏明烛,华镫错些。<span class="q">〔言镫锭尽雕琢错镂,饰设以禽兽,有英华。〕</span>结撰至思,<span class="q">〔撰,犹博也。〕</span>兰芳假些·<span class="q">〔假,至也。《昼》曰:假于上下。言兰芳以喻贤人,君能结撰博思,至心以思贤人,贤人即至也。〕</span>人有所极,同心赋些。<span class="q">〔赋,诵也。言众座之人各欲尽情,与己同心者,独诵忠与道德。〕</span>酎饮既尽欢,乐先故些。<span class="q">〔故,旧也。言饮酒作乐,尽己欢欣者,诚欲乐我先祖,及与故旧人。〕</span>魂兮归来,反故居些。<span class="q">〔言魂神宜急来归,还楚国,居旧故之处,安乐无忧。〕</span>

    乱曰:献岁发春兮,<span class="q">〔献,进也。〕</span>汨吾南征些。<span class="q">〔征,行也。言岁始来进,春气奋扬,万物皆感气而生,自伤放逐,独南行也。〕</span>菉蘋齐叶兮,<span class="q">〔《尔雅》曰:菉,王刍也。〕</span>白芷生些。<span class="q">〔言屈原放时,菉蘋之草,其叶適齐,白芷萌牙,方始欲生,怀所见自伤哀也。犹《诗》云:昔我往矣,杨柳依依也。〕</span>路贯庐江兮,左长薄。<span class="q">〔贯,出也。庐江、长薄,地名也。言屈原行先出庐江,过历长薄,在江北时东行,故言左者也。〕</span>倚沼畦瀛兮,<span class="q">〔沼,池也。畦,犹区也。〕</span><span class="q">〔瀛,池中也。楚人名泽中曰瀛。〕</span>遥望博,<span class="q">〔遥,远也。博,平也。言循江而行,遂入池泽,其中区瀛远,望平博无人也。〕</span>青骊结驷兮,<span class="q">〔纯黑为骊。结,连也。四马为驷也。〕</span>齐千乘。<span class="q">〔齐,同也。言屈原尝与君俱猎於此,官属驾驷马,或青或黑,连车千乘,皆同服也。〕</span>悬火延起兮,玄颜蒸。<span class="q">〔悬火,悬镫也。玄,天也。言己时从君夜猎,悬镫林木之中,其火延起,烧於野泽,烟上蒸于天,使黑色也。〕</span>步及骤处兮,<span class="q">〔骤,走也。处,止也。〕</span>诱骋先。<span class="q">〔诱,导也。骋,驰也。言猎时有步行者,有乘马走骤者;有处止者,分以围兽,己独驰骋,为君先导也。〕</span>抑骛若通兮,<span class="q">〔抑,止也。骛,驰也。若,顺也。〕</span>引车右还。<span class="q">〔还,转也。言抑止驰骛者,顺通共护,引车右转以遮兽也。〕</span>与王趋梦兮,课后先。<span class="q">〔梦,泽中也。楚名泽中为梦中。《左氏传》曰:楚大夫斗伯比与郧公之女氵而生子,弃诸。梦中,言己与怀王俱猎,趍於梦泽之中,课第群臣先至后至也。〕</span>君王亲发兮,<span class="q">〔发,射也。〕</span>惮青兕。<span class="q">〔惮,惊也。言怀王是时亲自射兽,惊青兕牛,而不能制也。言尝侍从君田猎,今乃放逐,叹而自伤闵也。〕</span>朱明承夜兮,<span class="q">〔朱明,谓日也。承,续也。〕</span>时不见淹。<span class="q">〔淹,淹久也。言岁月逝往,昼夜相续,年命将老,不可久处,当急来归也。〕</span>皋兰被径兮,<span class="q">〔皋,泽也。被,覆也。径,路也。〕</span>斯路渐。<span class="q">〔渐,没也。言泽中香草茂盛,覆被径路,人无采取者,水卒增溢,渐没其道,将弃捐也。以言贤人久处山野,君不事用,亦将陨颠也。〕</span>湛湛江水兮,<span class="q">〔湛湛,水貌。〕</span>上有枫。<span class="q">〔枫,木名也。言湛湛江水,浸润枫木,使之茂盛;伤己不蒙君惠,而身放弃,曾不如树木得其所也。或曰:水旁林木中,鸟兽所聚,不可居也。〕</span>目极千里兮,伤春心。<span class="q">〔言湖泽博平,春时草短,望见千里,令人愁思而伤心也。或曰:荡春心。荡,涤也。言春时平望远,可以涤荡愁思之心。〕</span>魂兮归来,哀江南。<span class="q">〔言魂魄当急来,以归江南。土地僻远,山林崄岨阴,诚可哀伤,不足处也。〕</span>

    【招隐士一首】

    <span class="q">〔《序》曰:招隐士者,淮南小山之所作也。小山之徒,闵伤屈原,身虽沈没,名德显闻,与隐处山泽无异。故作招隐士之赋,以彰其志也。〕</span>

    ※刘安<span class="q">〔《汉书》曰:淮南王安,为人好书,招致宾客数千人。后伍被自诣吏,具告与淮南谋反,上使宗正以符节劾王,未至,自刑杀也。〕</span><span class="h">(王逸注)</span>

    桂树丛生兮<span class="q">〔桂树芬香,以兴屈原之忠良也。〕</span>山之幽,<span class="q">〔远去朝廷而隐藏也。〕</span>偃謇连卷兮<span class="q">〔容貌美好,德茂盛也。〕</span>枝相缭。<span class="q">〔信义枝结,条理成也。以言才德高明,宜辅贤君,桢幹也。〕</span>山气陇嵸兮<span class="q">〔岑崟〈山参〉嵯,云塕郁也。〕</span>石嵯峨,<span class="q">〔嵯峨嶻嶭,峻蔽日也。〕</span>溪谷崭岩兮<span class="q">〔崎岖閜寪,险阻亻窟也。〕</span>水曾波。<span class="q">〔涌跃沣沛,流迅疾也。〕</span>猿狖群啸兮<span class="q">〔禽兽所居,志乐佚也。〕</span>虎豹嗥,<span class="q">〔猛兽争食,欲相龁也。以言山谷之中,幽深险阻,非君子之所处,猿狖虎豹,非贤者之偶也。〕</span>攀援桂枝兮<span class="q">〔登引山木,远望愁也。〕</span>聊淹留。<span class="q">〔便旋中野,立踟蹰也。〕</span>王孙游兮<span class="q">〔隐士避世,在山隅也。〕</span>不归,<span class="q">〔违背旧土,弃室家也。〕</span>春草生兮<span class="q">〔万物蠢动,抽萌芽也。〕</span>萋萋。<span class="q">〔垂条吐叶,纷荣华也。〕</span>岁暮兮<span class="q">〔年齿已老,寿命衰也。〕</span>不自聊,<span class="q">〔中心烦乱,常含忧也。〕</span>蟪蛄鸣兮<span class="q">〔蜩蝉得夏,喜呼号也。〕</span>啾啾。<span class="q">〔秋节将至,悲嘹噍也。以言物盛则衰,乐极则忧,不宜久隐,失盛时也。〕</span>坱兮轧,<span class="q">〔雾气昧也。〕</span>山曲〈山弗〉,<span class="q">〔盘诘屈也。〕</span>心淹留兮<span class="q">〔志望绝也。〕</span>洞荒忽。<span class="q">〔亡妃匹也。〕</span>罔兮沕,<span class="q">〔精气失也。〕</span>憭兮栗。<span class="q">〔心剥切也。〕</span>虎豹岤,<span class="q">〔嵺穿岤也。嵺音料。狖音血。〕</span>丛薄深林兮<span class="q">〔攒刺棘也。〕</span>人上栗。<span class="q">〔恐变色也。〕</span>嵚崄碕礒兮<span class="q">〔山阜〈山取〉嵎也。〕</span>硱磈磳硊。<span class="q">〔崔巍嵼々。〕</span>树轮相纠兮<span class="q">〔交错扶疏。〕</span>林木茇肌。<span class="q">〔枝叶盘纡。茇音跋。〕</span>青莎杂树兮,<span class="q">〔草木列居。〕</span>薠草靃靡。<span class="q">〔随风披敷。〕</span>白鹿麕麚兮,<span class="q">〔众禽并游。〕</span>或腾或倚。<span class="q">〔走住殊异。〕</span>状貌崟崟兮峨峨,<span class="q">〔头角甚殊。〕</span>凄凄兮漇々。<span class="q">〔凄凄漇々,毛衣若濡。〕</span>狝猴兮熊罴,<span class="q">〔百兽皆俱也。〕</span>慕类兮以悲,<span class="q">〔哀己不遇也。从此已上,皆陈山林倾危,草木茂盛,麋鹿所居,虎兕所聚,不宜育道德,养情性。欲屈原还归郢也。〕</span>攀援桂枝兮<span class="q">〔配托香木,誓同志也。〕</span>聊淹留。<span class="q">〔踟蹰徘徊,待明时也。〕</span>虎豹斗兮<span class="q">〔残贼之兽,忽急怒也。〕</span>熊罴咆,<span class="q">〔贪杀之兽,跳梁吼也。〕</span>禽兽骇兮<span class="q">〔雉菟之群,惊奔走也。〕</span>亡其曹。<span class="q">〔违离乡党,失群偶也。〕</span>王孙兮归来,<span class="q">〔旋反旧邑,入故宇也。〕</span>山中兮不可以久留。<span class="q">〔诚多患害,难隐处也。〕</span>

    《文选》 唐·李善注
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