第二十四章
陈牧：今儒道沦丧，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，丧乱以来，庠序隳废；议者或谓平世尚文，遭乱尚武，此言似之，而实不然。夫儒道深奥，不可仓猝而成。比天下平泰，然后修之，则废坠已久矣。又，贵游之子，未必有斩将搴旗之才，从军征戍之役，不及盛年使之讲肄道义，良可惜也。世道久丧，礼俗日弊，犹火之消膏，莫之觉也。今王业肇建，万物权舆，谓宜笃道崇儒，兴建太学，以励风化。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：today， confucianism is in decline，i am very concerned about that，sir taught me what to do？xiao fan：i think，since the war， the social order has bee chaotic，some people say that literature is admired in peacetime，and the war years advocated force，this is not the case，confuciansm is something very profound，it is not a matter of a short time to promote it，wait until the world settles down， and then it will be too late to do it，noble children do not necessarily have military talent，they did not serve long，it would be a pity if they were not taught to learn confucianism，the world has been in chaos for a long time，therefore，social ills have accumulated a lot，it"s just not easy to observe，today， our country is not long in its existence，it is time for everything to be revived，therefore， you should promote confucianism，and schools were established to improve social ills。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：寡人欲大化天下，而指挥如臂膀，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，君者，民之源也。源清则流清，源浊则流浊。故有社稷而不能爱民，不能利民，而求民之亲爱己，不可得也；民不亲不爱，而求其为己用，为己死，不可得也。民不为己用，不为己死，而求兵之劲，城之固，不可得也；兵不劲、城不固，而求敌之不至，不可得也。敌至而求无危削，不灭亡，不可得也，愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：i want to civilize the world，and i want them to follow me，sir taught me what to do？xiao fan：i think，kings are the source of the people，only when the source is clear will the water flow be clear，if the source is dirty， then the water flow will be dirty，as the ruler of the country，if he does not love the people， he does not favor the people，it is impossible to get the people to support him，if the people do not support you，you want them to work hard for you，it is impossible to do so，if the people do not embrace the country，then the bat effectiveness of the army will be low，then the enemy will take the opportunity to invade，even， the country will go to extinction，i hope you will seriously consider it。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：寡人欲保关陇，固吾欲伐汉中，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，汉中可伐也，汉中太守乃清谈之士，好大言而不礼士民，夫好清谈之士在朝，则战士怠于行阵，而农夫惰于田。战士怠于行阵者，则兵弱也；农夫惰于田者，则国贫也。兵弱于敌，国贫于内，而不亡者，未之有也，伐之不亦可乎？大王勿疑。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人意决矣。chen mu：i want to protect the guanlong area，therefore， i plan to attack hanzhong，sir，what do you think？xiao fan：i approve of you doing so，mayor hanzhong is a man who likes to talk big，and he is rude to people，people like him govern， then the soldiers will slack，and farmers will reduce production，this will lead to a decrease in the bat effectiveness of the army，and the country became poor as a result，their bat effectiveness is weak，and the local economy is poor，it is only a matter of time before they perish，it is no problem attacking hanzhong，there is no doubt in this matter，please stand firm in your convictions。chen mu：sir is right，i had a decision in my heart。陈牧：今人尚虚无而浮于事，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，自丧乱以来，贱《经》尚道，以玄虚宏放为夷达，以儒术清俭为鄙俗。盖有不得已也，宜崇奖儒官，以新俗化。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：today，people revere nothingness rather than concrete things，i am very concerned about that，sir，teach me what to do？xiao fan：i think，since the war， people have admired taoism and looked down on confuciansm，they advocate taoist nihilism，and they belittle confucian pragmatsm，it was a product of a specific historical period，you should pay attention to confucianism to change this situation。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：寡人闻，《传》日，去食存信，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，民无信不立，昔项羽既入咸阳，已制天下，向能力行仁信，谁夺耶？仁、义、礼、智、信，谓之五常，废一不可。能勤而行之，甚有裨益。纣王背逆五常，武王夺之，项氏以无信为汉高祖所夺，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：i heard，if you choose between food and credit，then you have to choose credit，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，people cannot stand without credit，previously， xiang yu occupied xianyang，he has taken charge of the world，if he can practice benevolence and righteousness and credit，then no one can beat him，benevolence and righteousness and etiquette and wisdom and credit，they are the five principles of being human，it is indispensable，if you can stick to it，then you will benefit for a lifetime，king shang violated these guidelines，so， he was defeated by king wu，also because of this， xiang yu was defeated by king han，i hope you learn from this。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：自古帝王凡有兴造，必须贵顺物情，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，昔大禹凿九山，通九江，用人力极广，而无怨者，物情所欲，而众所共有故也。秦始皇营建宫室，而人多谤议者，为徇其私欲，不与众共故也。古人云，不作无益害有益。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chen mu：since ancient times， kings have embarked on a project that must ply with the will of the people，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，previously， king yu opened up the nine mountains and dredged the nine rivers，it costs a huge amount of labor，but no one plained，because that is in line with the will of the people，qin shi huang built a large number of palaces，people plain about this，it satisfies individual desires rather than the public good，the ancients said，personal interests do not harm the public interest。chen mu：sir is right，i accept your teachings。陈牧：寡人闻，莫乐之，则莫哀之；莫生之，则莫死之，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，人主能安其民，则民事其主，如事其父母。故主有忧则忧之，有难则死之。人主视民如土，则民不为用，主有忧则不忧，有难则不死。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chen mu：i heard，if you can"t make him happy, then he won"t grieve for you，if you don"t nurture him, then he won"t give his life for you，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，if the king can appease the people，then the people will support this king like treating their parents，therefore, if the king is worried, then they will worry for him，if the king is in trouble, then they will fight to the death to save him，if the king does not value the people，then the people will not work hard for him，when the king is in trouble, then they will not give their lives for him。chen mu：sir is right，i accept your teachings。