第十五章
陈牧：寡人闻，财不足，请敛于民，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为此言谬矣，夫乐者上下同之，故天子与天下，诸侯与境内，自大夫以下，各与其僚，无有独乐。今上乐其乐，下伤其费，是独乐者也，不可。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chen mu：i heard，if the state runs out of money，then it is possible to raise taxes for the people，sir， what do you think？xiao fan：i don"t think so，happy things should be shared together，therefore，the emperor and the world，princes and states，ministers and officials，there is no reason to be happy alone，if you only care about your own happiness and do not care about the interests of the people，then you will bee a dictator，i do not approve of you doing this。chen mu：sir is right，i accept your teachings。陈牧：始皇帝雄才伟略，横扫六国，混一天下，何以二世而亡？寡人甚惑焉，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，秦得之于法制，失之于仁义。秦之时，灭文学，好武勇，贱仁义之士，贵治狱之吏，正言谓之诽谤，谒过谓之妖言：故盛服先生，不用于世，忠良切言，皆郁于胸，誉谀之声，日满于耳，虚美薰心，实祸蔽塞，始皇在犹可填压四海，一旦亡故，以二世之猥劣，天下非秦所有也。愿大王改前世之失，涤烦文，除民疾，存亡继绝，以应天德，天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教矣。chen mu：qin shi huang was a very great emperor，he calmed the troubled times and stabilized the world，but by the second king， the state of qin perished，i"m confused about this，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，the qin state was able to unify the world because of the rule of law，because it does not promote benevolence and morality， it perishes，during the qin dynasty， they abandoned confucianism in favor of force，they advocate strict laws governing the country and look down on the benevolent，they treat honest speech as a lie，therefore， virtuous people are not appointed，the world is full of lies， not honest speech，people are in a state of repression，because of this， the country is actually on the brink of danger，if qin shi huang is alive， then he can still suppress the world，once he died， with the ability of the second emperor， the qin state would inevitably go to extinction，i hope you take this as a guide，repeal draconian laws，save the suffering of the people，the aim is to respond to the concerns of the people，then it will be the luck of the world。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：昔曹孟德筑铜雀台于邺城，今北方大定，偃武修文，寡人欲效之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，古者圣王贵德而务施，缓刑辟而趋民时。今春筑台，是夺民时也。夫德不施则民不归，刑不缓则百姓愁，使不归之民，役愁怨之百姓，而又夺其时，是重竭也。夫牧百姓，养之育之，而重竭之，岂所以定命安存，而称为人君于后世哉？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chen mu：previously， cao cao built a palace in yecheng，today， the north has been settled，therefore， i want to emulate him，sir， what do you think？xiao fan：i don"t think so，in the past， holy kings valued virtue and gave gifts to the people，they postpone the punishment and avoid disturbing the agricultural production period，if you build a palace now，then it will delay agricultural production，if you are inconsiderate of the people，then the people will not support you，if the penalty is too severe and urgent，then the people will resent you，if you do this， then you will destroy the foundations of the country，treat the people， you should raise them，and not squeeze them，if you do this， then history will not give you a good evaluation。chen mu：sir is right，i was wrong。陈牧：寡人闻豫让古之烈士也，然智氏无道，何以得其死力？寡人甚惑焉，先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，范氏之待豫让，寒而不衣之，饥而不食之，使其与千人共养，以众人畜之也。夫众人畜之者，其亦众人事之。至于智氏则不然，出则乘之以车，入则足之以养，众人广朝，而必加礼之，是以国士畜之。夫国士畜其者，其亦国士事之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chen mu：i heard，yu rang was a martyr in ancient times，his master is stupid，but he was loyal to his master，i was confused about that，sir taught me why？xiao fan：i think，his original master treated him very badly， treating him like an ordinary person，his original owner did not care about his cold and hunger，therefore， he had a weak affection for his former master， he will not help the original owner，his current owner treats him well，the current owner values him and respects him，his master regarded him as an important talent，therefore， he is loyal to his current master，and，he is willing to give his life for his master。chen mu：sir is right，i accept your teachings。陈牧：今太后晏驾，寡人甚哀之，吾欲行三年之丧，可乎？先生以为如何。萧凡：臣以为，礼当如此，三年之丧，自天子达于庶人，此先王礼经，百世不易者也，前世不学，变古坏礼，绝父子之恩，亏君臣之义；后世不能笃于哀戚之情，而群臣谄谀，莫肯厘正，今大王至孝，以天性矫而行之，复先王之大礼，则天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chen mu：now， the empress dowager has passed away，i am very saddened by this，i would like to observe filial piety for my mother for three years，sir， what do you think？xiao fan：i approve of you doing so，follow the rituals left by the holy king，according to the etiquette， both the king and the people should do this，this is the ritual left by the holy king，the previous people did not inherit it，that leads to a weak relationship between parents and children，at the same time， it also cooled relations between kings and courtiers，people did not adhere to filial piety，the ministers are also very flattering and do not correct your mistakes，today， you are very filial to your parents，and you want to do it from the bottom of your heart，you take the opportunity to restore the holy king rites，that would be the luck of the world。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：寡人欲慰齐地之心，以倾楚人之望，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，齐之名臣子孙流徙中国者，宜量才叙用，南宫博在齐，尽其心力，其子珅临难死义，其孙翎宜随才署吏，齐将张通父子死于其主。天下之善一也，岂由彼此以为异哉！前子孙没入奴籍者，宜赦为平民，望大王察之。陈牧：先生之言甚善，寡人谨受教。chen mu：i want to appease the people of the state of qi in order to show the people of the state of chu，sir taught me how to do it。xiao fan：i think，the families of famous ministers of the qi state have migrated to our country，you should appoint them according to their talents，when nangong bo was in the state of qi， he was loyal to his country，his son also died fighting for his country，you should award his grandson a viscount according to meritocracy，zhang tong and his son also died fighting for the state of qi，they deserve praise for what they have done，their families have been taken as slaves，you should pardon them，i want you to think about it。chen mu：sir is right，i respectfully accept your teachings。陈牧：徐阶失信于寡人，吾欲杀之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，法者，国家所以布大信于天下也，言者，当时喜怒之所发耳。大王发一朝之忿，而许杀之，非圣主明王所为也，既知不可，而置之以法，此乃忍小忿而存大信也，望大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chen mu：xu jie did not fulfill her promise to me，i wanted to kill him，sir, what do you think？xiao fan：i don"t think so，the law is the embodiment of the credit of the state to the world，words are the expression of human emotions，you kill him because of emotions，it is not what the holy king should do，since you understand, then you should hand him over to the judiciary，this is to ensure credit, not emotion，i hope you will think about it。chen mu：sir is right，i was wrong。